Nematology
Volume 1, Issue 7-8, 1999
- ISSN : 1388-5545
- E-ISSN : 1568-5411
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For more content, see Nematologica.
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Paratylenchinae: postembryonic developmental stages of Paratylenchus straeleni (De Coninck, 1931) and P. steineri Golden, 1961 (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae)
- Authors: Michal W. Brzeski; Ladislav Hanel
- pp. 673–680 (8)
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Postembryonic developmental stages of naturally occurring populations of Paratylenchus straeleni and P. steineri were studied. In the former species all juveniles had a well developed stylet and pharynx, while the body of the 4th stage juveniles contained numerous dark granules and this is considered the resting stage. In P. steineri the stylet and pharynx were well developed in the 2nd and 3rd stage juvenile, but the 3rd stage juvenile had numerous granules in the body suggesting it is the resting stage. Fourth stage juveniles had no stylets and the pharynx is much reduced. Because some moulting females have the stylet cone of the juveniles being shed together with the juvenile cuticle, it is concluded that the 4th stage is short-lasting. The length of the body, pharynx, tail and genital primordium as well as the index b increases in successive developmental stages. Indices a, c, c' were almost constant in all juvenile stages. The resting juvenile stage characterises species and it should be included in species descriptions for better characterisation of Paratylenchus species. Paratylenchinae: stades de developpement de Paratylenchus straeleni (De Coninck, 1931) et P. steineri Golden, 1961 (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) - Ont ete etudies les stades de developpement post-embryonnaire de populations sauvages de Paratylenchus straeleni et de P. steineri. Chez la premiere espece tous les juveniles ont un stylet et un pharynx bien developpes alors que le corps des juveniles de 4eme stade contient de nombreux granules fonces; ce stade a donc ete considere comme le stade de quiescence. Chez P. steineri, le stylet et le pharynx sont bien developpes chez le second et troisieme stades juveniles, mais ce dernier montre de nombreux granules a l'interieur du corps, suggerant qu'il constitue le stade de quiescence. Les juveniles de 4eme stade sont depourvus de stylet et le pharynx est tres reduit. Du fait que chez les femelles en train de muer le cone du stylet des juveniles est rejete avec la cuticule des juveniles, il a ete conclu que le 4eme stade n'a qu'une courte duree de vie. Les longueurs du corps, du pharynx, de la queue et du primordium genital de meme que l'index b augmentent en passant d'un stade a l'autre. Les indices a, c et c' sont generalement constants chez tous les stades juveniles. Le stade quiescent des juveniles est caracteristique de l'espece et devrait etre inclus dans les descriptions d'especes pour une meilleure caracterisation specifique des Paratylenchus.Buy this article
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Localization of hydrogen peroxide during the defence response of Arabidopsis thaliana against the plant-parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines
- Authors: Georg H. Waetzig; Miroslaw Sobczak; Florian M. W. Grundler
- pp. 681–686 (6)
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Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production during the infection of Arabidopsis thaliana by the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines was detected histochemically by the reaction of H2O2 with cerium chloride producing four different patterns of electron-dense precipitates of cerium perhydroxides. As A. thaliana is not a regular host of H. glycines, the defence response is considerable, but does not completely inhibit the development of the nematode. H2O2 was produced not only by cells mechanically damaged during invasion and feeding site induction by the nematode, but also by cells surrounding developing syncytia and cells which were neither in contact with the nematode nor with the syncytium. Die Lokalisation von Peroxid wahrend der Abwehrreaktion von Arabidopsis thaliana gegen den pflanzenparasitaren Nematoden Heterodera glycines - Die Bildung von Wasserstoffperoxid (H2O2) im Rahmen der Infektion von Arabidopsis thaliana durch den Sojabohnen-Zystennematoden Heterodera glycines wurde histochemisch durch die Reaktion von H2O2 mit Cerchlorid nachgewiesen, wobei vier verschiedene Muster elektronendichter Prazipitate von Cerperhydroxiden gebildet wurden. Da A. thaliana kein regularer Wirt von H. glycines ist, kommt es zu einer betrachtlichen Abwehrreaktion, die jedoch die Entwicklung des Nematoden nicht vollstandig verhindert. H2O2 wurde nicht nur von Zellen produziert, die im Laufe des Eindringens und der Induktion des Nahrzellensystems durch den Nematoden mechanisch beschadigt worden waren, sondern auch von Zellen, die sich entwickelnde Syncytien umgaben und von Zellen, die weder mit dem Nematoden noch mit dem Syncytium in Kontakt standen.Buy this article
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Trans-specific nematicidal activity of Photorhabdus luminescens
- Authors: Richou Han; Ralf-Udo Ehlers
- pp. 687–693 (7)
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Mixed culture filtrates of Photorhabdus luminescens isolated from Heterorhabditis bacteriophora H06 and from H. indica LN2 had a toxic effect on axenic H. bacteriophora H06 dauer juveniles. Single culture filtrates had no effect. When one filtrate originated from a secondary phase culture, the toxic effect was lost. Heat treatment of one of the filtrates to 80°C destroyed the effect. The toxin is probably synthesized de novo after mixing the culture supernatants of these two P. luminescens symbionts. Dilution of the filtrate reduced the effect, and it was lost when P. luminescens was cultured for more than two days. Steinernema carpocapsae A24 was not affected by the mixture, and was affected only by the filtrate of primary phase P. luminescens H06. The toxic effect was recorded also when axenic dauer juveniles of H. bacteriophora were inoculated into a mixed bacterial culture of H06 and LN2. Inoculating monoxenic dauer juveniles of H. bacteriophora H06 into P. luminescens LN2 or into mixtures containing LN2 bacteria resulted in significant dauer juvenile mortality. These manifestations of the interaction of bacteria to produce toxic effects on the non-symbiotic nematode (trans-specific activity) may have an impact on competitive interactions when one insect host is infected by different nematode species. Eine transspezifische nematizide Aktivitat von Photorhabdus luminescens - Eine Mischung der Kulturfiltrate des Bakteriums Photorhabdus luminescens, isoliert aus Heterorhabditis bacteriophora H06 mit dem Filtrat des Symbionten aus H. indica LN2 wirkt toxisch auf axenische Dauerlarven von H. bacteriophora H06. Die einzelnen Kulturfiltrate zeigten keine Wirkung. Sofern ein Filtrat einer Sekundarformkultur entnommen wurde, konnte kein Effekt erzielt werden. Eine Hitzebehandlung bei 80°C zerstorte die Wirkung. Das Toxin wird wahrscheinlich de novo synthetisiert in dem Moment, in dem die Kulturfiltrate dieser P. luminescens Symbionten gemischt werden. Eine Verdunnung der Filtrate reduzierte die Wirkung. Sie ging ganz verloren, wenn P. luminescens langer als zwei Tage kultiviert wurde. Die Mischung hatte keine Wirkung auf axenische Steinernema carpocapsae. Dieser Nematode wurde nur durch Filtrate der Primarform von P. luminescens H06 abgetotet. Die toxischen Effekte wurden auch festgestellt, wenn axenische Dauerlarven von H. bacteriophora in Gemische von H06 und LN2 Bakterienkulturen inokuliert wurde. Bei Inokulation von monoxenischen Dauerlarven von H. bacteriophora H06 in P. luminescens LN2 oder in Gemische, die LN2 enthielten, wurde ebenfalls eine gesteigerte Mortalitat festgestellt. Dieses Deutlichwerden von Wechselbeziehungen zwischen den Bakterien bei Erzeugung toxischer Effekte auf den nicht-symbiontischen Nematoden (trans-spezifische Aktivitat) konnte eine Auswirkung auf die Konkurrenz bei Koinfektion eines Wirtsinsekts mit zwei Nematodenarten haben.Buy this article
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Effects of global warming on nematode diversity in a Swedish tundra soil - a soil transplantation experiment
- Authors: Bjorn Sohlenius; Sven Bostrom
- pp. 695–709 (15)
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The implications of global warming on nematode populations were studied in a soil transplantation experiment. Blocks of peat from an ombrotrophic mire at Abisko, northern Sweden, were transplanted to nine warmer sites in Sweden in June 1996. The changes in nematode abundance and species composition were followed by monthly samplings from July to December 1996 with a final sampling in June 1997. In all sites except the most northern the total nematode numbers increased during the study period. However, especially at the three northern-most sites the composition of the nematode fauna changed very little. Most species from the mire survived in all transplants and the number of immigrating species was low. The most clearcut effects on faunal composition were seen in blocks transferred to open sites in central and southern Sweden. This was also indicated by the Maturity index (sensu Bongers) and Renkonen numbers (comparing similarity in fauna structure between source site and transplantation sites). These parameters had the lowest values in blocks placed in the exposed sites where the greatest fluctations in temperature and moisture occurred. One conclusion of the study is that a climatic change has no rapid influence on the composition of the nematode fauna; soil structure and vegetation have a stronger influence. If the soil structure and vegetation start to change this will certainly also influence the nematode fauna. Upon warming above certain temperature thresholds, expected changes would result in an increased rate of mineralization followed by higher abundance of fungal and bacterial feeders belonging to the Secernentea. Influence du rechauffement terrestre sur la diversite des nematodes dans un sol de toundra suedoise - une experience de transfert de sol - Une experience fondee sur des transferts de sol a permis d'etudier l'influence du rechauffement terrestre sur les peuplements de nematodes. Des blocs de tourbe provenant d'un bas-fond ombrotrophique d'Abisko (nord de la Suede) ont ete transferes en neuf sites plus chauds de la Suede en juin 1996. Les changements dans l'abondance des nematodes et la composition en especes ont ete suivis grace a des prelevements mensuels de juillet a decembre 1996, un prelevement final ayant eu lieu en juin 1997. Pour tous les sites, excepte le plus septentrional, le nombre total de nematodes a augmente pendant la duree de l'etude. Toutefois, et plus particulierement pour les trois sites septentrionaux, la composition de la faune est tres peu modifiee. La plupart des especes presentes dans le bas-fond subsistent dans tous les lots transferes, le nombre d'especes y migrant restant d'autre part faible. Les effets les plus nets sur la composition faunistique sont observes dans les blocs transferes dans des sites degages de Suede centrale et meridionale. Cela est corrobore par l'index de maturite (sensu Bongers) et les nombres de Renkonen (comparant la similarite de la structure faunistique dans le site original et dans les sites de transfert). Ces parametres ont les valeurs les plus faibles dans les blocs places dans des endroits exposes ou s'observent les plus fortes fluctuations de temperature et d'humidite. Une des conclusions de cette etude est que l'influence des changements climatiques sur la composition des peuplements nematologiques n'est pas rapide, la structure du sol et la vegetation ayant une influence beaucoup plus forte. Si ces deux derniers parametres commencent a se modifier, ce phenomene influera certainement sur le peuplement nematologique. En cas de rechauffement au-dessus d'un certain seuil, les modifications attendues pourraient provoquer une augmentation du taux de mineralisation, suivie par une plus grande abondance de fongivores et de bacillivores appartenant aux Secernentea.Buy this article
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Nematode distribution in roots of banana (Musa AAA cv. Valery) in relation to plant height, distance from the pseudostem and soil depth
- Authors: Mario Araya; Alfonso Vargas; Alexander Cheves
- pp. 711–716 (6)
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The horizontal and vertical distribution of plant parasitic root nematodes on banana (Musa AAA cv. Valery) was determined in a sandy clay loam in Costa Rica. Root samples were taken from soil blocks at distances of 0 to 30, 30 to 60, and 60 to 90 cm from the pseudostem, from 0 to 120 cm depth at intervals of 15 cm, and from plants of 120, 150, 180 or 210 cm high (non-flowering), plus a set from plants at flower stalk. The horizontal distance from the pseudostem affected the percentage of Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus spp., and total nematodes (R. similis + Helicotylenchus spp. + Meloidogyne spp. + Pratylenchus spp.). There was a significant effect of soil depth on the density of each genus. An interaction between soil depth and plant height and with horizontal distance was found for R. similis and total nematodes. For the three horizontal distances from the pseudostem, the percentage of each genus decreased with soil depth. Higher percentages of R. similis and total nematodes were found at 0 to 30 cm horizontal distance from the pseudostem than at greater distances in the upper 30 cm of the soil profile. Therefore, samples for monitoring nematode populations in bananas should be taken within a horizontal distance of 0 to 30 cm from the plant base and down to 30 cm deep from the soil surface. Additional studies are needed to relate the nematode population density at this sampling point to yield. Repartition des nematodes dans les racines du bananier (Musa AAA cv. Valery) en relation avec la hauteur de la plante, la distance au pseudo tronc et la profondeur du sol - La repartition horizontale et verticale des nematodes parasites du bananier (Musa AAA cv. Valery) a ete determinee dans un sol sablo-argileux, au Costa Rica. Les echantillons de racines ont ete preleves dans les blocs de sol extraits a differentes distances (de 0-30, de 30-60 et 60-90 cm) et profondeurs (de 0 a 120 cm avec des intervalles de 15 cm) du pseudo tronc des plantes: ces plantes, non encore fleuries, etaient de differentes hauteurs (120, 150, 180 et 210 cm). Quelques plantes entre le premier et le huitieme jour apres floraison ont egalement ete testees. La distance horizontale affecte le pourcentage de Radopholus similis et de Pratylenchus spp., et le nombre total de nematodes (R. similis + Helicotylenchus spp. + Meloidogyne spp. + Pratylenchus spp.). La profondeur du sol affecte la densite de population pour chaque genre. Pour R. similis et le nombre total de nematodes; il existe des interactions entre la profondeur du sol et la hauteur de la plante et entre la profondeur du sol et la distance horizontale. Le pourcentage de chacun des genres decroit avec la profondeur du sol aux trois distances au pseudo tronc. Les pourcentages les plus eleves de R. similis et du nombre total de nematodes ont ete trouves de 0 a 30 cm de profondeur. De ces resultats, il est conclu que pour etudier correctement les populations des nematodes du bananier, les echantillons de racines devraient ete preleves dans les premiers 30 cm de distance au pseudo tronc et jusqu'aux premiers 30 cm de profondeur du sol. Des etudes complementaires sont necessaires pour mieux etablir les rapports entre la densite des populations de nematodes dans ces points d'echantillonnage et le rendement.Buy this article
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Endotokia matricida in hermaphrodites of Heterorhabditis spp. and the effect of the food supply
- Authors: Stefan-Andreas Johnigk; Ralf-Udo Ehlers
- pp. 717–726 (10)
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Intra-uterine birth causing maternal death (endotokia matricida) is relatively common in rhabditid nematodes and typical for entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus Heterorhabditis. A detailed description of this phenomenon is given, including a summary of embryo development, egg-laying, juvenile hatching and development. It is demonstrated that low food supply significantly promotes the beginning of endotokia matricida but has no influence on the time scale of the process. The biological function of endotokia matricida and the intra-uterine induction of the dauer formation is discussed. Endotokia matricida in Heterorhabditis spp. is a well synchronised process of the destruction of the maternal tissues correlated with the juvenile development including the uptake of the symbiotic bacteria by the late pre-dauer stage. It secures the development of dauer juveniles at a moment when the external food supply is reducing and provides offspring which are well equipped with energy reserves and symbiotic bacteria for long term survival and subsequent infection of insects in the soil. Endotokia matricida bei Hermaphroditen von Heterorhabditis spp. und der Einfluss der Nahrungsversorgung . - Der Schlupf juveniler Nematoden im mutterlichen Uterus mit anschliessender Totung des Muttertieres (endotokia matricida) ist relativ weit verbreitet bei rhabditiden Nematoden und typisch fur entomopathogene Nematoden der Gattung Heterorhabditis. Die Endotokia matricida wird beschrieben sowie die Embryonalentwicklung, das Eilegeverhalten, der Schlupf und die Entwicklung der Juvenilen. Der Beginn der endotokia matricida wird durch eine niedrige Nahrungsverfugbarkeit in der Kultur signifikant gefordert, diese hat jedoch keinen Einfluss auf den zeitlichen Ablauf der endotokia matricida. Die biologische Funktion der endotokia matricida und die intra-uterine Induktion der Dauerlarvenbildung werden diskutiert. Die endotokia matricida bei Heterorhabditis spp. ist ein gut synchronisierter Prozess, bei dem die Zerstorung des Muttertiers korreliert mit der Entwicklung der Juvenilstadien, einschliesslich der Aufnahme der symbiotischen Bakterien durch das Pra-Dauer Stadium. Sie sichert die Entwicklung von Dauerlarven zu einem Zeitpunkt, wenn die externe Nahrungsversorgung sich verschlechtert und bringt so Nachkommen hervor, die gut mit Energiereserven und symbiotischen Bakterien ausgestattet sind, um im Boden lange zu uberdauern und Insekten zu befallen.Buy this article
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First report of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Portugal and in Europe
- Authors: Manuel M. Mota; Helen Braasch; Maria Antonia Bravo; Ana Catarina Penas; Wolfgang Burgermeister; Kai Metge; Edmundo Sousa
- pp. 727–734 (8)
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A survey of aphelenchid nematodes (Nematoda: Aphelenchida) associated with maritime pine, Pinus pinaster, was conducted in Portugal in 1996 and 1999. A Bursaphelenchus species has been identified for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula. B. xylophilus is reported for the first time in Europe. It was found in very high numbers - up to 38 000 per 10 g of pine wood - inside a few declining trees infested with curculionid, cerambycid and scolytid beetles. Morphological observations, including shape of spicules, bursa, vulva, female tail end and stylet as well as morphometrics, were in accordance with the species description. Species-specific DNA fragment patterns were obtained using ITS-RFLP analysis, with five different restriction enzymes. The importance and implications of this finding are discussed. Premiere signalisation de Bursaphelenchus xylophilus au Portugal, at en Europe - Une enquete sur les nematodes Aphelenchides (Nematoda: Aphelenchida) associes au pin maritime (Pinus pinaster) a ete realisee au Portugal de 1996 a 1999. Une espece de Bursaphelenchus a ete identifiee pour la premiere fois dans la Peninsule Iberique. B. xylophilus est signale pour la premiere fois en Europe. Il a ete trouve en tres grand nombre - jusqu'a 38 000 individus pour 10 g de bois de pin - dans des arbres deperissants infestes par des Coleopteres Curculionides, Cerambycides et Scolytides. Les observations concernant la morphologie - en particulier la forme des spicules, la bourse, la vulve, l'extremite de la queue de la femelle et le stylet - de meme que les donnees morphometriques correspondent a la description de l'espece. Des sequences de fragments d'ADN specifique de l'espece ont ete obtenus par analyse ITS-RFLP a l'aide de cinq enzymes de restriction. L'importance et les implications de cette decouverte sont discutees.Buy this article
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Allelopathy: a possible mechanism of suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes by entomopathogenic nematodes
- Authors: Parwinder S. Grewal; Edwin E. Lewis; Sudha Venkatachari
- pp. 735–743 (9)
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A possible mechanism of suppression of a plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita by entomopathogenic nematodes is described. Heat-killed entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae and S. riobrave temporarily suppressed penetration of the root-knot nematode M. incognita into tomato roots, but live nematodes had no effect. Infective juvenile M. incognita were repelled from all entomopathogenic nematode treatments that included their symbiotic bacteria. They were repelled by Galleria mellonella cadavers infected with S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae, and S. riobrave and from cell-free culture filtrates of the symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus nematophilus, X. bovienii, and Xenorhabdus sp. "R" from the three nematode species, respectively. Cell-free filtrates from all three Xenorhabdus spp. were toxic to M. incognita infective juveniles causing 98-100% mortality at 15% concentration. Cell-free filtrate of Xenorhabdus sp. "R" also reduced the hatch of M. incognita eggs. Application of formulated bacterial cell-free filtrates temporarily suppressed M. incognita penetration into tomato roots in a greenhouse trial. The short-term effects of cell-free bacterial filtrates, namely toxicity and repellency, were almost entirely due to ammonium. These results demonstrate allelopathic interactions between plant-parasitic nematodes, entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria. The likely role of allelopathy in the suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes by innundative applications of entomopathogenic nematodes is discussed. Allelopathie: Ein moglicher Mechanismus zur Unterdruckung pflanzenparasitarer Nematoden durch insektenpathogene Nematoden - Es wird ein moglicher Mechanismus zur Unterdruckung des pflanzenparasitaren Nematoden Meloidogyne incognita durch insektenpathogene Nematoden beschrieben. Durch Hitze abgetotete insektenpathogene Nematoden Steinernema feltiae und S. riobrave underdruckten das Eindringen des Wurzelgallenalchens M. incognita in Tomatenwurzeln, lebende Nematoden hatten keine Wirkung. Infektionsjuvenile von M. incognita wurden von allen Behandlungen mit insektenpathogenen Nematoden abgestossen, die auch die symbiontischen Bakterien einschlossen. Sie wurden durch die Kadaver von Galleria mellonella abgestossen, die mit S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae und S. riobrave infiziert waren sowie durch zellfreie Kultursubstrate der symbiontischen Bakterien Xenorhabdus nematophilus, X. bovienii und Xenorhabdus sp. "R" aus den drei genannten Nematodenarten. Zellfreie Kultursubstrate von allen drei Xenorhabdus spp. waren giftig fur die Infektionsjuvenilen von M. incognita und verursachten in einer Konzentration von 15% Abtotungsraten von 98-100%. Zellfreie Kultursubstrate von Xenorhabdus sp. "R" vermiderten ausserdem das Schlupfen von M. incognita-Eiern. In einem Gewachshausversuch unterdruckten formulierte zellfreie Bakterienfiltrate vorubergehend das Eindringen von M. incognita in Tomatenwurzeln. Die Kurzzeitwirkungen von zellfreien Bakterien filtraten, namentlich Giftigkeit und Abstossung, waren nahezu ganz bedingt durch Ammoniak. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen das Vorhandensein von allelopathischen Wechselwirkungen zwischen pflanzenparasitaren Nematoden, insektenpathogenen Nematoden und deren symbiontischen Bakterien. Die wahrscheinliche Rolle von Allelopathie bei der Unterdruckung pflanzenparasitarer Nematoden durch eine Massenanwendung insektenpathogener Nematoden wird diskutiert.Buy this article
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Resistance to the rice nematodes Heterodera sacchari, Meloidogyne graminicola and M. incognita in Oryza glaberrima and O. glaberrima x O. sativa interspecific hybrids
- Authors: Richard A. Plowright; Daniel L. Coyne; Paula Nash; Monty P. Jones
- pp. 745–751 (7)
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Rice species Oryza glaberrima and O. sativa and interspecific hybrids produced at the West African Rice Development Association in Cote d'Ivoire, were screened for resistance to Heterodera sacchari, Meloidogyne graminicola and M. incognita R2. H. sacchari screening was done in field and pot experiments in Cote d'Ivoire. Non-indigenous species were screened in glasshouse tests in the UK. All O. glaberrima genotypes were resistant to H. sacchari from Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana, M. graminicola from the Philippines and M. incognita R2. In pot tests, the number of females which developed on these genotypes was zero for H. sacchari and < 3 for both species of Meloidogyne. Within lines of O. sativa, variation in female numbers (P 0.05) was observed, but all were susceptible both to H. sacchari and to M. graminicola. However, six cultivars and lines of O. sativa were less susceptible (P 0.05) to M. incognita R2 than the check cultivar IDSA 6. Of 14 progeny from O. sativa cv. WAB56-104 x O.glaberrima line CG14, two WAB450-I-B-P-105 and WAB450-I-B-P-160, were resistant to H.sacchari from Cote d'Ivoire. These lines and two others were also less susceptible (P 0.01) to M. graminicola than the O. sativa parent. The susceptibility of some of the progeny to both H. sacchari and M. graminicola and M. incognita was the same as that of the O. sativa parent. Of ten further progeny, screened against H. sacchari from Ghana, WAB450-25-1-10 was resistant. The expression of resistance in the interspecific progeny suggests that resistance to H. sacchari is qualitative, whilst that to Meloidogyne graminicola is quantitative. Resistance to M. incognita R2 was found in O. glaberrima, O. sativa and in one hybrid progeny. None of the species or progeny was resistant to Pratylenchus zeae and there were no significant differences in field population densities of P. zeae, Mesocriconema onoensis or Helicotylenchus dihystera. Resistance aux nematodes Heterodera sacchari, Meloidogyne graminicola et M. incognita chez Oryza glaberrima et chez des hybrides interspecifiques O. glaberrima x O. sativa - Les especes de riz Oryza glaberrima et O. sativa ainsi que des hybrides interspecifiques produits en Cote d'Ivoire par l'Association pour le Developpement de la Riziculture en Afrique de l'Ouest ont ete testes pour leur resistance envers les nematodes Heterodera sacchari, Meloidogyne graminicola et M. incognita R2. Les tests relatifs a H. sacchari ont ete realises, tant en champ qu'en pots, en Cote d'Ivoire. Ceux concernant les especes non indigenes l'ont ete en serre, en Grande Bretagne. Tous les genotypes de O. glaberrima sont resistants aux H. sacchari provenant de Cote d'Ivoire et du Ghana ainsi qu'a M. graminicola provenant des Philippines et a M. incognita R2. Lors des tests en pot le nombre de femelles produites sur ces genotypes sont de zero pour H. sacchari et de moins de 3 pour les deux especes de Meloidogyne. Concernant les lignees de O. sativa, une variabilite (P 0,05) a ete observee dans le nombre de femelles produites, mais toutes ces lignees sont sensibles a H. sacchari et M. graminicola. Cependant six cultivars ou lignees de O. sativa sont moins sensibles (P 0,05) a M. incognita R2 que le cultivar temoin IDSA 6. Parmi 14 descendances du croisement O. sativa cv. WAB56-104 x O. glaberrima lignee CG14, deux WAB450-I-B-P-105 et WAB450-I-B-P-160, sont resistances a H. sacchari provenant de Cote d'Ivoire. Ces lignees, ainsi que deux autres, sont moins sensibles (P 0.01) a M. graminicola que les O. sativa parents. La sensibilite de quelques unes de ces descendances a H. sacchari et aux deux especes de Meloidogyne etait identique a celle des parents. Parmi dix autres descendances ulterieures testees envers H. sacchari du Ghana, WAB450-25-1-10 s'est montre resistant. L'expression de la resistance dans la descendance interspecifique suggere que cette resistance est qualitative pour H. sacchari et quantitative pour M. graminicola. Une resistance a M. incognita a ete decelee chez O. sativa et O. glaberrima ainsi que dans la descendance d'un de leurs hybrides. Aucune des especes ou des descendances n'a montre de resistance envers Pratylenchus zeae et il n'existe aucune difference significative dans les densites de populations au champ de P. zeae, Mesocriconema onoensis ou Helicotylenchus dihystera.Buy this article
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Description of two populations of Xiphidorus yepesara Monteiro, 1976 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from Uruguay
- Authors: Eliseo Chaves; Issis Olmos De Casella; Enrique Casella
- pp. 753–756 (4)
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A method for the extraction of aquatic Mermithidae (Nematoda) from riverbed samples
- Authors: Susana R. Cagnolo; Maria M. A. De Doucet; Marcelo E. Doucet; Julio A. Di Rienzo
- pp. 757–758 (2)
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A new find of Paraxiphidorus michelluci, with a description of its female (Nematoda: Longidoridae)
- Authors: Eliseo Chaves; August Coomans
- pp. 759–761 (3)
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The life cycle of Steinernema abbasi and S. riobrave in Galleria mellonella
- Authors: Sami A. Elawad; Simon R. Gowen; Nigel G. M. Hague
- pp. 762–764 (3)
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Obituary notice: In memory of Professor Michal W. Brzeski
- Author: Ladislav Hanel
- pp. 765–766 (2)
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Announcement
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