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The dipsadine snake Leptognathus incertus was originally described from French Guiana and subsequently was restricted to the Atlantic Rain Forest in southeastern and south Brazil. We compare its original description with available data for Leptognathus alternans as well as with species of the genus Dipsas occurring in French Guiana. Leptognathus alternans is revalidated in the combination Dipsas alternans, representing the populations occurring in the Atlantic Rain Forest of southeastern and south Brazil. The neotype of L. alternans is designated and described. The taxonomic status of L. incertus is revised and, in the interest of stabilizing the nomenclature of this species, Dipsas copei is synonymized with L. incertus in the combination Dipsas incerta, corresponding to populations of the Guianan region. The holotype of L. copei is designated as the neotype of L. incertus.