2.
Berns-McGown Rima . “I Am Canadian.” Challenging Stereotypes about Young Somali Canadians . IRPP Study No. 38. Montreal, Quebec: IRPP, 2013.
3.
———. Muslims in the Diaspora. The Somali Communities of London and Toronto . Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999.
4.
Byrne Siobhan . “ "Framing post-9/11 security: A feminist analysis of the securitization of the Canadian state and the experiences of Canadian Muslim communities",” Annual meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, June 4–6, 2008.
5.
Charron Mathieu . Neighbourhood Characteristics and the Distribution of Police-reported Crime in the City of Toronto. Crime and Justice Research Paper Series. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2009.
6.
Doolittle Robyn ,& Donovan Kevin . “ "Rob Ford in ‘crack cocaine’ video scandal",” Toronto Star May 16, 2013.
7.
English Kathy . “ "Star overdid ‘Somali’ references in the first report of drug dealers peddling Rob Ford crack video: Public Editor",” Toronto StarMay Vol 24, 2013.
8.
European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey ( eu-midis). Main Results Report. European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, 2009.
9.
Floyd Rita . ” "Human Security and the Copenhagen School’s Securitization Approach: Conceptualizing Human Security as a Securitizing Move",” Human Security Journal Vol 5( 2007), 28– 46.
10.
Hampson Fen Osler ,. “ "Human Security",” in Wiliams Paul D. (ed.), Security Studies: An Introduction , 229– 243. London and New York: Routledge, 2008.
11.
Hickman Mary J. ,, Thomas Lyn ,, Silvestri Sara ,& Nickels Henri . ‘Suspect Communities’? Counter-terrorism policy, the press, and the impact on Irish and Muslim communities in Britain. A Report for Policy Makers and the General Public. London Metropolitan University, 2011.
12.
Kilpi Elina . The education of children of immigrants in Finland. DPhil. University of Oxford, 2010.
13.
Martikainen Tuomas ,. “ "Finland"”, in Nielsen Jørgen S. ,, Akgönül Samim ,, Alibašić Ahmet ,& Račius Egdūnas (eds.), Yearbook of Muslims in Europe, Vol. 5, 237– 246. Leiden: Brill, 2013.
14.
McDonough Sheila ,& Hoodfar Homa ,. “ "Muslims in Canada: From Ethnic Groups to Religious Community",” in Bramadat Paul ,& Seljak David (eds.), Religion and Ethnicity in Canada, 133–153. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009.
15.
Menkhaus Ken . ” "Stabilisation and humanitarian access in a collapsed state: the Somali case",” Disasters Vol 34/ S3( 2010), S320– S341.
16.
Ministry of the Interior. “Towards a Cohesive Society. Action Plan to Prevent Violent Extremism”, Ministry of the Interior Publications, Helsinki, 28/2012.
17.
Myrskylä Pekka . “ "Maahanmuutto ja nuorten syrjäytymisriskit pääkaupunkiseudulla"” [Migration and risks for youth marginalization in greater Helsinki area], Kvartti, Helsingin kaupungin tietokeskuksen neljännesvuosijulkaisu [Quarterly, City of Helsinki Urban Facts Magazine] 2 (2012), 14– 22.
18.
Pagliaro Jennifer . “ "Toronto Somalis say they were victimized by police in Dixon Road raids",” The Star , June 18, 2013.
19.
Research Pew . "Religion & Public Life Project, The Future of the Global Muslim Population", January 27 (2011). (accessed 22 June 2014).
20.
Change Positive . “ "Grieving mothers take their message of peace to Parliament Hill",” press release November 17, 2013. (accessed October 29, 2014).
21.
Poverty by Postal Code. The Geography of Neighborhood Poverty. City of Toronto, 1981–2001. A report prepared jointly by United Way of Greater Toronto and the Canadian Council on Social Development. United Way of Greater Toronto, 2004.
22.
Rankin Jim ,& Winsa Patty . “ "Unequal justice: Aboriginal and black inmates disproportionately fill Ontario jails",” The Star, March Vol 1, 2013.
23.
Sakinah Community Centre. (accessed June 22, 2014).
24.
Smith Sydney . International Media Ethics News , Daily Media Pick, June 1, 2013.
25.
Somalis in Helsinki . Somalis in European Cities. "At Home in Europe". New York, London: Open Society Foundations, 2013.
26.
Spyropoulos Jim . “ "Task Force to Examine the Achievement of Somali-Speaking Students. Research Summary",” Toronto District School Board, unpublished presentation on February 19, 2013.
27.
Canada Statistics . National Household Survey ( nhs) profile, Canada, 2011. (accessed 26 June 2014).
28.
Finland Statistics . Population Structure: Language according to age and sex by region 1990–2013, (accessed 26 June 2014).
29.
Tiilikainen Marja ,. “ "Illness, Healing and Everyday Islam: Transnational Lives of Somali Migrant Women”", in Dessing Nathal M. ,, Jeldtoft Nadia ,, Nielsen Jørgen S. ,& Woodhead Linda , Everyday Lived Islam in Europe , 147– 162. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, 2013.
30.
Tiilikainen Marja ,.“ "It’s Just Like the Internet: Transnational Healing Practices between Somaliland and the Somali Diaspora”", in Dilger Hansjörg ,, Kane Abdoulaye ,& Langwick Stacey A. (eds.), Medicine, Mobility and Power in Global Africa: Transnational Health and Healing , 271– 294. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2012.
31.
Tiilikainen Marja . Arjen islam: Somalinaisten elämää Suomessa [Everyday Islam: The Life of Somali Women in Finland]. Tampere: Vastapaino, 2003.
32.
Verhoeven Harry . “ "The self-fulfilling prophecy of failed states: Somalia, state collapse and the Global War on Terror",” Journal of Eastern African Studies Vol 3/ 3( 2009), 405– 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17531050903273719
33.
Wæver Ole ,. ” "Securitization and Desecuritization",” in Lipschutz Ronnie D. (ed.), On Security , 46–86. New York: Columbia University Press, 1995.
34.
Walker Barrington (ed.). The History of Immigration and Racism in Canada: Essential Readings . Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press, 2008.