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A simple method of observing the development of females of the cereal cyst-nematode on cereal roots is described. Females became infected by an Entomophthora-like fungus within 2 to 25 days after rupturing the root cortex, and resting spores were produced approximately 4 days later. All infected females eventually disintegrated and disappeared: time-lapse film indicated that other nematodes and enchytraeid worms were responsible. When formalin was applied to soil at 2988 1/ha females were not attacked by the fungus but completed their development and produced cysts. The infective spores of the fungus that developed on attacked females were more important than the resting spores from the previous year in determining the proportion of females that became infected.